SEC Filing | Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

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10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-35331

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		45-2492228
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6100 Tower Circle, Suite 1000

Franklin, Tennessee 37067

(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

(615) 861-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value	ACHC	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐ Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

At October 30, 2024, there were 92,885,352 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

ACADIA HEALTHCARE COMPANY, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	1

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	2

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	4

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30

Item 5	Other Information	31

Item 6.	Exhibits	32

SIGNATURES		33

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	82,145	$	100,073
Accounts receivable, net		383,945		361,451
Other current assets		185,972		134,476
Total current assets		652,062		596,000
Property and equipment, net		2,679,807		2,266,610
Goodwill		2,264,851		2,225,962
Intangible assets, net		73,139		73,278
Deferred tax assets		2,706		6,658
Operating lease right-of-use assets		122,771		117,780
Other assets		75,121		72,553
Total assets	$	5,870,457	$	5,358,841

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	71,694	$	29,219
Accounts payable		201,379		156,132
Accrued salaries and benefits		141,470		141,901
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		27,175		26,268
Other accrued liabilities		167,782		532,261
Total current liabilities		609,500		885,781
Long-term debt		1,804,825		1,342,548
Deferred tax liabilities		54,112		1,931
Operating lease liabilities		105,437		100,808
Other liabilities		150,544		140,113
Total liabilities		2,724,418		2,471,181
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		114,521		105,686
Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 180,000,000 shares authorized; 91,757,352 and 91,263,989 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		918		913
Additional paid-in capital		2,675,882		2,649,340
Retained earnings		354,718		131,721
Total equity		3,031,518		2,781,974
Total liabilities and equity	$	5,870,457	$	5,358,841

See accompanying notes.

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenue	$	815,634		$	750,334		$	2,379,725		$	2,185,938
Salaries, wages and benefits (including equity-based compensation expense of $9,467, $8,163, $27,014 and $23,140, respectively)		428,147			394,150			1,265,427			1,171,960
Professional fees		48,498			45,540			142,236			130,468
Supplies		29,623			27,147			84,153			79,312
Rents and leases		12,389			11,731			36,141			34,880
Other operating expenses		112,137			104,048			322,900			290,798
Income from provider relief fund		—			(4,442	)		—			(4,442	)
Depreciation and amortization		37,641			33,388			110,054			96,969
Interest expense, net		29,924			20,742			86,297			61,651
Legal settlements expense		—			394,181			—			394,181
Loss on impairment		10,459			—			11,459			8,694
Transaction, legal and other costs		8,249			11,247			17,187			26,792
Total expenses		717,067			1,037,732			2,075,854			2,291,263
Income (loss) before income taxes		98,567			(287,398	)		303,871			(105,325	)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		27,199			(71,873	)		72,916			(29,907	)
Net income (loss)		71,368			(215,525	)		230,955			(75,418	)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(3,236	)		(2,185	)		(7,958	)		(3,978	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.	$	68,132		$	(217,710	)	$	222,997		$	(79,396	)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. stockholders:
Basic	$	0.74		$	(2.39	)	$	2.44		$	(0.87	)
Diluted	$	0.74		$	(2.39	)	$	2.42		$	(0.87	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		91,720			91,168			91,571			90,852
Diluted		92,188			91,168			92,119			90,852

See accompanying notes.

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Retained Earnings (Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit)			Total
Balance at December 31, 2022		89,914	$	899	$	2,658,440		$	153,388		$	2,812,727
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		1,039		11		1,192			—			1,203
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(48,874	)		—			(48,874	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		7,629			—			7,629
Other		—		—		902			—			902
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			66,015			66,015
Balance at March 31, 2023		90,953		910		2,619,289			219,403			2,839,602
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		176		1		3,783			—			3,784
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(2,017	)		—			(2,017	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		7,348			—			7,348
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			72,299			72,299
Balance at June 30, 2023		91,129		911		2,628,403			291,702			2,921,016
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		76		1		1,553			—			1,554
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(843	)		—			(843	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		8,163			—			8,163
Other		—		—		382						382
Net loss attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			(217,710	)		(217,710	)
Balance at September 30, 2023		91,205		912		2,637,658			73,992			2,712,562
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		59		1		1,655			—			1,656
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(798	)		—			(798	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		9,149			—			9,149
Other		—		—		1,676			—			1,676
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			57,729			57,729
Balance at December 31, 2023		91,264		913		2,649,340			131,721			2,781,974
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		310		3		4,099			—			4,102
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(5,115	)		—			(5,115	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		8,678			—			8,678
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			76,383			76,383
Balance at March 31, 2024		91,574		916		2,657,002			208,104			2,866,022
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		107		1		1,477			—			1,478
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(2,133	)		—			(2,133	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		8,869			—			8,869
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			78,482			78,482
Balance at June 30, 2024		91,681		917		2,665,215			286,586			2,952,718
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		76		1		1,608			—			1,609
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(765	)		—			(765	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		9,467			—			9,467
Other		—		—		357			—			357
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			68,132			68,132
Balance at September 30, 2024		91,757	$	918	$	2,675,882		$	354,718		$	3,031,518

See accompanying notes.

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(In thousands)
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	230,955		$	(75,418	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		110,054			96,969
Amortization of debt issuance costs		3,061			2,485
Equity-based compensation expense		27,014			23,140
Deferred income taxes		56,133			(21,655	)
Legal settlements expense		—			394,181
Loss on impairment		11,459			8,694
Other		(3,988	)		1,423
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net		(20,936	)		(40,227	)
Other current assets		(3,334	)		(77,165	)
Other assets		676			309
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities		(404,942	)		23,057
Accrued salaries and benefits		(1,841	)		(3,038	)
Other liabilities		8,681			17,723
Government relief funds		—			(4,442	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		12,992			346,036
Investing activities:
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(53,550	)		(349	)
Cash paid for capital expenditures		(486,891	)		(285,410	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		10,227			633
Other		(2,935	)		(1,925	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(533,149	)		(287,051	)
Financing activities:
Borrowings on long-term debt		350,000			—
Borrowings on revolving credit facility		210,000			40,000
Principal payments on revolving credit facility		(15,000	)		(35,000	)
Principal payments on long-term debt		(40,968	)		(15,938	)
Payment of debt issuance costs		(1,518	)		—
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		(824	)		(45,193	)
Contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		3,500			2,538
Distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		(2,972	)		(3,480	)
Other		11			30
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		502,229			(57,043	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(17,928	)		1,942
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period		100,073			97,649
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	82,145		$	99,591
Effect of acquisitions:
Assets acquired, excluding cash	$	59,235		$	6,766
Liabilities assumed		(4,185	)		(128	)
Contingent consideration issued in connection with an acquisition		(1,500	)		—
Redeemable noncontrolling interest resulting from acquisition		—			(6,289	)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	$	53,550		$	349

See accompanying notes.

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(Unaudited)

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. (the “Company”) develops and operates acute inpatient psychiatric facilities, specialty treatment facilities, comprehensive treatment centers (“CTCs”), residential treatment centers and facilities providing outpatient behavioral healthcare services to serve the behavioral healthcare and recovery needs of communities throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and Puerto Rico. At September 30, 2024, the Company operated 260 behavioral healthcare facilities with approximately 11,300 beds in 38 states and Puerto Rico.

Basis of Presentation

The business of the Company is conducted through limited liability companies, partnerships and C-corporations. The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries controlled by the Company through its direct or indirect ownership of majority interests and exclusive rights granted to the Company as the controlling member of an entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations have been included. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 and interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or any other interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. The information contained in these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2024. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year to conform to the current year presentation.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280) (“ASU 2023-07”) “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” ASU 2023-07 is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and the interim periods within the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted and applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-07 on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740) (“ASU 2023-09”) “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Revenue

Revenue is primarily derived from services rendered to patients for inpatient psychiatric and substance abuse care, outpatient psychiatric care and residential treatment. The services provided by the Company have no fixed duration and can be terminated by the patient or the facility at any time, and therefore, each treatment is its own stand-alone contract.

Services ordered by a healthcare provider in an episode of care are not separately identifiable and therefore have been combined into a single performance obligation for each contract. The Company recognizes revenue as its performance obligations are completed. The performance obligation is satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the healthcare services provided. For inpatient services, the Company recognizes revenue equally over the patient stay on a daily basis. For outpatient services, the Company recognizes revenue equally over the number of treatments provided in a single episode of care.

Typically, patients and third-party payors are billed within several days of the service being performed or the patient being discharged, and payments are due based on contract terms.

As the Company’s performance obligations relate to contracts with a duration of one year or less, the Company elected the optional exemption in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606-10-50-14(a). Therefore, the Company is not required to disclose the transaction price for the remaining performance obligations at the end of the reporting period or when the Company expects to recognize the revenue. The Company has minimal unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of the reporting period as its patients typically are under no obligation to remain admitted in the Company’s facilities.

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by service type and by payor.

The Company’s facilities and services provided by the facilities can generally be classified into the following categories: acute inpatient psychiatric facilities; specialty treatment facilities; CTCs; and residential treatment centers.

Acute inpatient psychiatric facilities. Acute inpatient psychiatric facilities provide a high level of care in order to stabilize patients that are either a threat to themselves or to others. The acute setting provides 24-hour observation, daily intervention and monitoring by psychiatrists.

Specialty treatment facilities. Specialty treatment facilities include residential recovery facilities and eating disorder facilities. The Company provides a comprehensive continuum of care for adults with addictive disorders and co-occurring mental disorders. Inpatient, including detoxification and rehabilitation, partial hospitalization and outpatient treatment programs give patients access to the least restrictive level of care.

Comprehensive treatment centers. CTCs specialize in providing medication-assisted treatment in an outpatient setting to
individuals addicted to opioids such as opioid analgesics (prescription pain medications).

Residential treatment centers. Residential treatment centers treat patients with behavioral disorders in a non-hospital setting. The facilities balance therapy activities with social, academic and other activities.

The table below presents total revenue attributed to each category (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Acute inpatient psychiatric facilities	$	439,788	$	382,406	$	1,269,593	$	1,113,632
Specialty treatment facilities		155,787		158,705		450,668		462,916
Comprehensive treatment centers		134,174		129,645		400,984		368,618
Residential treatment centers		85,885		79,578		258,480		240,772
Revenue	$	815,634	$	750,334	$	2,379,725	$	2,185,938

The Company receives payments from the following sources for services rendered in its facilities: (i) state governments under their respective Medicaid and other programs; (ii) commercial insurers; (iii) the federal government under the Medicare program administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) and other programs; and (iv) individual patients and clients.

The Company determines the transaction price based on established billing rates reduced by contractual adjustments provided to third-party payors, discounts provided to uninsured patients and implicit price concessions. Contractual adjustments and discounts are based on contractual agreements, discount policies and historical experience. Implicit price concessions are based on historical collection experience. Most of the Company’s facilities have contracts containing variable consideration. However, it is unlikely a significant reversal of revenue will occur when the uncertainty is resolved, and therefore, the Company has included the variable consideration in the estimated transaction price. Subsequent changes resulting from a patient’s ability to pay are recorded as bad debt expense, which is included as a component of other operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Bad debt expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was not significant.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue by payor type and as a percentage of revenue (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024					2023					2024					2023
	Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%
Commercial	$	216,050		26.5	%	$	212,328		28.3	%	$	621,702		26.1	%	$	625,330		28.6	%
Medicare		118,022		14.5	%		117,348		15.6	%		339,117		14.3	%		335,819		15.4	%
Medicaid		454,319		55.7	%		400,483		53.4	%		1,343,081		56.4	%		1,156,766		52.9	%
Self-Pay		14,824		1.8	%		15,524		2.1	%		44,764		1.9	%		52,026		2.4	%
Other		12,419		1.5	%		4,651		0.6	%		31,061		1.3	%		15,997		0.7	%
Revenue	$	815,634		100.0	%	$	750,334		100.0	%	$	2,379,725		100.0	%	$	2,185,938		100.0	%

4. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023			2024		2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.	$	68,132	$	(217,710	)	$	222,997	$	(79,396	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share		91,720		91,168			91,571		90,852
Effects of dilutive instruments		468		—			548		—
Shares used in computing diluted earnings per common share		92,188		91,168			92,119		90,852

Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. stockholders:
Basic	$	0.74	$	(2.39	)	$	2.44	$	(0.87	)
Diluted	$	0.74	$	(2.39	)	$	2.42	$	(0.87	)

Approximately 0.3 million shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock option awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, approximately 0.5 million and 0.8 million, respectively, of outstanding shares of restricted stock and shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock option awards have been included in the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding-diluted. These shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the condensed consolidated statement of operations because the net loss for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 causes such securities to be anti-dilutive. Approximately 0.4 million shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock option awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

Acquisitions

The Company’s acquisition strategy is to acquire and develop behavioral healthcare facilities and improve operating results within its facilities and its other behavioral healthcare operations.

On February 22, 2024, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Turning Point Centers (“Turning Point”), a 76-bed specialty provider of substance use disorder and primary mental health treatment services that supports the Salt Lake City, Utah, metropolitan market. Turning Point provides a full continuum of treatment services, including residential, partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient services.

Goodwill

The changes in goodwill during 2023 and 2024 are as follows (in thousands):


Balance at January 1, 2023	$	2,222,805
Increase from acquisitions		337
Increase from contributions of redeemable noncontrolling interests		2,820
Balance at December 31, 2023		2,225,962
Increase from acquisitions		38,889
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	2,264,851

Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Insurance receivable – current portion	$	54,096	$	33,579
Prepaid expenses		50,711		36,085
Income taxes receivable		28,298		12,416
Other receivables		22,836		22,084
Workers’ compensation deposits – current portion		12,000		12,000
Assets held for sale		10,920		11,496
Inventory		5,514		5,300
Other		1,597		1,516
Other current assets	$	185,972	$	134,476

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Land	$	197,638		$	183,347
Building and improvements		2,123,652			2,064,353
Equipment		424,361			365,826
Construction in progress		799,001			420,430
		3,544,652			3,033,956
Less: accumulated depreciation		(864,845	)		(767,346	)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,679,807		$	2,266,610

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded non-cash property impairment charges of $8.8 million and non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset impairment charges of $1.4 million related to certain closed facilities, which are included in loss on impairment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded non-cash property impairment charges of $9.8 million and non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset impairment charges of $1.4 million related to certain closed facilities, which are included in loss on impairment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded non-cash property impairment charges of $2.0 million and non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset impairment charges of $2.0 million related to the closure of certain facilities, which are included in loss on impairment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company has recorded assets held for sale within other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for closed properties actively marketed of $10.9 million and $11.5 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Other Intangible Assets

Other identifiable intangible assets and related accumulated amortization consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Gross Carrying Amount				Accumulated Amortization
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Non-compete agreements	$	1,131	$	1,131	$	(1,131	)	$	(1,131	)

Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Licenses and accreditations		11,740		11,681		—			—
Trade names		42,589		42,588		—			—
Certificates of need		18,810		19,009		—			—
		73,139		73,278		—			—
Total	$	74,270	$	74,409	$	(1,131	)	$	(1,131	)

All of the Company’s definite-lived intangible assets are fully amortized. The Company’s licenses and accreditations, trade names and certificates of need have indefinite lives and are, therefore, not subject to amortization. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded non-cash indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of $0.3 million, $0.0 million, $0.3 million and $4.7 million, respectively, related to the closure of certain facilities, which is included in loss on impairment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The CARES Act

As part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the U.S. government announced it would offer $100 billion of relief to eligible healthcare providers. The Company accounts for government grants by analogizing to the grant model in accordance with International Accounting Standard 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, and as such, has recognized income from grants in line with the recognition of expenses or the loss of revenues for which the grants are intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once both of the following conditions are met: (i) the Company is able to comply with the relevant terms and conditions of the grant and (ii) the grant will be received.

The Company has participated in certain relief programs offered through the CARES Act, including receipt of funds relating to the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund (“PHSSE Fund”), also known as the Provider Relief Fund, and the American Rescue Plan (“ARP”) Rural Payments for Hospitals. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $4.4 million of income from provider relief fund related to ARP funds received. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $2.0 million of income from provider relief fund related to ARP funds received and repaid the remaining balance of ARP funds to eliminate the liability.

Healthcare providers were required to sign an attestation confirming receipt of the PHSSE Fund amounts and agree to the terms and conditions of payment. Under the terms and conditions for receipt of the payment, the Company was allowed to use the funds to cover lost revenues and healthcare costs related to the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 (“COVID-19”), and the Company was required to properly and fully document the use of these funds to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The reporting of these funds is subject to future audit for compliance with the terms and conditions. The Company recognized PHSSE Fund amounts to the extent it had qualifying COVID-19 expenses or lost revenues as permitted under the terms and conditions.

10.

Commitments and Contingencies

Professional and General Liability

The Company is subject to medical malpractice and other lawsuits due to the nature of the services the Company provides. A portion of the Company’s professional liability risks are insured through a wholly-owned insurance subsidiary providing coverage for up to $7.0 million per claim and $10.0 million for certain other claims through August 31, 2024 and $10.0 million per claim, $15.0 million per claim for certain other claims and $25.0 million for certain batched claims thereafter. The Company has obtained reinsurance coverage from a third-party to cover claims in excess of those limits. The reinsurance policy has a coverage limit of $78.0 million or $75.0 million in the aggregate for certain other claims through August 31, 2024 and $80.0 million or $75.0 million in the aggregate for certain other claims thereafter. The Company’s reinsurance receivables are recognized consistent with the related liabilities and include known claims and any incurred but not reported claims that are covered by current insurance policies in place.

Legal Proceedings

The Company operates in a highly regulated and litigious industry and is therefore, from time to time, subject to various claims, lawsuits, regulatory actions and other legal proceedings, including claims for personal injuries, medical malpractice, overpayments, breach of contract and securities law violations, as well as tort and employment related claims. In these actions, plaintiffs request a variety of damages, including, in some instances, punitive and other types of damages that may not be covered by insurance. In addition, healthcare companies are subject to numerous investigations by various governmental agencies. Certain of the Company’s individual facilities have received, and from time to time, other facilities may receive, subpoenas, civil investigative demands, audit requests and other inquiries from, and may be subject to investigation by, federal and state agencies. These investigations can result in repayment obligations, substantial monetary penalties and fines, the imposition of a corporate integrity agreement, exclusion from participation in governmental health programs, negative publicity and, in certain cases, criminal penalties. In addition, the False Claims Act permits private parties to bring qui tam, or “whistleblower,” suits against companies that submit false claims for payments to, or improperly retain overpayments from, the government. Some states have adopted similar state whistleblower and false claims provisions.

Desert Hills

From October 2018 to August 2020, the Company, its subsidiary Youth and Family Centered Services of New Mexico (“Desert Hills”), and FamilyWorks, a not-for-profit treatment foster care program to which Desert Hills provided management services, including day-to-day administration of the program, via a management services agreement, were among a number of defendants named in five lawsuits (collectively, the “Desert Hills Litigation”) filed in New Mexico State District Court (the “District Court”). These lawsuits each related to abuse by a foster parent, Clarence Garcia, that occurred in foster homes where FamilyWorks had placed children. In 2021, the Company finalized out-of-court settlements for two of the five cases for amounts covered under the Company’s professional liability insurance: Dorsey, as Guardian ad Litem of M.R. v. Clarence Garcia, et al. (the “M.R. case”), and Higgins, as Guardian ad Litem of J.H. v. Clarence Garcia, et al (the “J.H. case”). While the plaintiffs in those two cases had claims pending against FamilyWorks, and FamilyWorks had raised claims or potential claims against the Company, the parties in each of those cases finalized settlements that resolved all claims between FamilyWorks and the Company. The District Court approved the settlement in the J.H. case on June 10, 2024 and the settlement in the M.R. case on August 12, 2024.

On July 7, 2023, in connection with one of the lawsuits in the Desert Hills Litigation styled Inman v. Garcia, et al., Case No. D-117-CV-2019-00136 (the “Inman Litigation”), a jury awarded the plaintiff compensatory damages of $80.0 million and punitive damages of $405.0 million. This award far exceeded the Company’s reasonable expectation based on the previously resolved complaints and far exceeded any precedent for comparable cases.

On October 30, 2023, the Company and Desert Hills entered into settlement agreements in connection with the Inman Litigation, as well as two other related cases – Rael v. Garcia, et al., Case No. D-117-CV-2019-00135 and Endicott-Quinones v. Garcia, et al., Case No. D-117-CV-2019-00137 (together with the Inman Litigation, the “Cases”).

The settlement agreements for the Cases were approved by the District Court in December 2023 and fully resolve each of the Cases with no admission of liability or wrongdoing by either the Company or Desert Hills. On January 19, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreements, the Company paid an aggregate amount of $400.0 million in exchange for the release and discharge of all claims arising from, relating to, concerning or with respect to all harm, injuries or damages asserted in the Cases or that may be asserted in the future by the plaintiffs in the Cases.

On January 30, 2024, a sixth lawsuit styled CNRAG, Inc. as Legal Guardian of A.C. v. Garcia et al., No. D-117-CV-2024-00045 was filed in the District Court alleging similar claims as the previous five lawsuits in the Desert Hills Litigation. The ward in this sixth lawsuit was referenced in prior criminal charges against Garcia in January 2019; however, prior to this lawsuit, neither the ward nor guardian made contact with the Company about a possible claim. The Company determined that a lawsuit from this plaintiff was unlikely because no claims had ever been asserted and the statute of limitations had expired. Plaintiff’s allegations assert certain claims, which, if true, may toll the statute of limitations. At this time, the Company is not able to quantify the ultimate liability, if any, in connection with this sixth lawsuit. No additional victims are referenced in the prior criminal charges against Garcia.

Securities Litigation

On April 1, 2019, a consolidated complaint was filed against the Company and certain former and current officers in the lawsuit styled St. Clair County Employees’ Retirement System v. Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc., et al., Case No. 3:19-cv-00988, which is pending in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The complaint is brought on behalf of a class consisting of all persons (other than defendants) who purchased securities of the Company between April 30, 2014 and November 15, 2018, and alleges that defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. On September 30, 2022, the court entered an order certifying a class consisting of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the common stock of the Company between April 30, 2014 and November 15, 2018.

On October 16, 2024, a putative class action complaint was filed against the Company and certain former and current officers in the lawsuit styled Kachrodia v. Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc., et al., Case No. 3:24-cv-01238, which is pending in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The complaint is brought on behalf of a putative class consisting of all persons (other than defendants) who purchased or otherwise acquired publicly traded securities of the Company between February 28, 2020 and September 26, 2024, and alleges that defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. On October 21, 2024, an amended putative class action complaint was filed, asserting the same claims but expanding the proposed class period to October 18, 2024.

On October 29, 2024, a putative class action complaint was filed against the Company and certain former and current officers in the lawsuit styled Dyar v. Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc., et al., Case No. 3:24-cv-01300, which is pending in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The complaint is brought on behalf of a putative class consisting of all persons (other than defendants) who purchased or otherwise acquired publicly traded securities of the Company between February 28, 2020 and October 18, 2024, and alleges that defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder.

Derivative Actions

On February 21, 2019, a purported stockholder filed a related derivative action on behalf of the Company against certain former and current officers and directors in the lawsuit styled Davydov v. Jacobs, et al., Case No. 3:19-cv-00167, which is pending in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The complaint alleges claims for violations of Section 10(b) and 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment. On May 23, 2019, a purported stockholder filed a second related derivative action on behalf of the Company against certain former and current officers and directors in the lawsuit styled Beard v. Jacobs, et al., Case No. 3:19-cv-0441, which is pending the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The complaint alleges claims for violations of Sections 10(b), 14(a), and 21D of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment, and insider selling. On June 11, 2019, the Davydov and Beard actions were consolidated. On February 22, 2021, the court entered an order staying the case. On October 23, 2020, a purported stockholder filed a third related derivative action on behalf of the Company against former and current officers and directors in the lawsuit styled Pfenning v. Jacobs, et al., Case No. 2020-0915-NAC, which is pending in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty. On February 17, 2021, the court entered an order staying the case. On February 24, 2021, a purported stockholder filed a fourth derivative action on behalf of the Company against former and current officers and directors in the lawsuit styled Solak v. Jacobs, et al., Case No. 2021-0163-NAC, which is pending in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and insider selling.

Government Investigations

In the fall of 2017, the Office of Inspector General (the “OIG”) issued subpoenas to three of the Company’s facilities requesting certain documents from January 2013 to the date of the subpoenas. The U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida issued a civil investigative demand to one of the Company’s facilities in December 2017 requesting certain documents from November 2012 to the date of the demand. In April 2019, the OIG issued subpoenas relating to six additional facilities requesting certain documents and information from January 2013 to the date of the subpoenas. In June 2023, the State of Nevada issued a subpoena relating to one of the same facilities as part of the same investigation. The government’s investigation of each of these facilities (collectively, the “2017 OIG/DOJ Investigation”) focused on claims not eligible for payment because of alleged violations of certain regulatory requirements relating to, among other things, medical necessity, admission eligibility, discharge decisions, length of stay and patient care issues. On September 23, 2024, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the federal government (the “2017 OIG/DOJ Settlement Agreement”), which fully resolved the 2017 OIG/DOJ Investigation with no admission of liability or wrongdoing by the Company. Pursuant to the 2017 OIG/DOJ Settlement Agreement, the Company agreed to pay $19.9 million in exchange for the release and discharge of any civil or administrative monetary claim arising from the 2017 OIG/DOJ Investigation. On October 1, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the 2017 OIG/DOJ Settlement Agreement, the Company paid an aggregate amount of $16.7 million, plus interest, to the federal government. The Company expects to pay $3.2 million, plus interest, representing the balance of the settlement amount owed to four states that participated in the 2017 OIG/DOJ Investigation, in the coming months, in accordance with the terms of the 2017 OIG/DOJ Settlement Agreement. Prior to entering into the 2017 OIG/DOJ Settlement Agreement, the Company recorded $19.9 million within other accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, in respect of the anticipated financial impact of resolving the 2017 OIG/DOJ Investigation.

In September 2024, the Company received a voluntary request for information from the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York (the “SDNY”), as well as a grand jury subpoena from the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri (the “W.D.Mo.”), related to, among other things, its admissions, length of stay and billing practices. In addition, Lakeland Hospital Acquisition, LLC, a subsidiary of the Company, also received a grand jury subpoena from the W.D.Mo. on the same day regarding similar subject matter. Later that month, the SDNY withdrew its request, and the investigations are now being led

by attorneys from the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ Criminal Division”) who issued the original subpoenas from the W.D.Mo. In October 2024, the DOJ Criminal Division withdrew its subpoenas and is permitting the Company to produce documents and information on a voluntary basis. The DOJ Criminal Division is leading and coordinating the efforts from a number of federal agencies and departments investigating such issues, any of which might later make their own requests for information. The Company has also received a subpoena from the SEC requesting similar information. There could be additional requests made related to other facilities of the Company, including from state or local government entities. The Company is conducting a comprehensive internal investigation using external advisors and is fully cooperating with authorities. At this time, the Company cannot speculate on whether the outcome of these investigations will have any impact on its business or operations.

Certain members of the United States Congress have requested, and such members or other members may in the future request, information from or about the Company related to, among other things, the Company’s admissions, length of stay and billing practices. The Company intends to cooperate with any such request. At this time, the Company cannot speculate on the outcome or duration of any such inquiries.

11.

Other Accrued Liabilities

Other accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued expenses	$	85,652	$	80,733
Insurance liability – current portion		41,986		12,486
Accrued interest		17,598		18,046
Accrued property taxes		10,358		7,097
Contract liabilities		1,691		2,165
Finance lease liabilities		1,081		990
Accrued Desert Hills settlement		—		393,696
Cost report payable		—		9,265
Other		9,416		7,783
Other accrued liabilities	$	167,782	$	532,261

12.

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Credit Facility:
Term Loan A	$	686,220		$	377,188
Revolving Line of Credit		275,000			80,000
5.500% Senior Notes due 2028		450,000			450,000
5.000% Senior Notes due 2029		475,000			475,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs, discount and premium		(9,701	)		(10,421	)
		1,876,519			1,371,767
Less: current portion		(71,694	)		(29,219	)
Long-term debt	$	1,804,825		$	1,342,548

Credit Facility

On March 17, 2021, the Company entered into a credit agreement (as amended the “Credit Facility”), which provides for a $600.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) and a senior secured term loan facility in an initial principal amount of $425.0 million (as increased by the Incremental Term Loans (as defined below), the “Term Loan Facility”), each maturing on March 17, 2026. The Revolving Facility further provides for a $20.0 million subfacility for the issuance of letters of credit.

On March 30, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Facility (the “First Amendment”), which replaced the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), as the reference rate applicable to borrowings under the Credit Facility with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as determined for a term of, at the Company’s option, one, three or six months, plus an

adjustment of 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”). After giving effect to the First Amendment, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) Adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.375% to 2.250% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.375% to 1.250%, in each case, depending on the consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, an unused fee that varies according to the consolidated total net leverage ratio of the Company ranging from 0.200% to 0.350% is payable quarterly in arrears based on the average daily undrawn portion of the commitments in respect of the Revolving Facility.

On January 18, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Facility (the “Second Amendment”), which provides for the incurrence of additional senior secured term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million (the “Incremental Term Loans”). Such Incremental Term Loans are structured as an increase of the Term Loan Facility. The maturity date, the leverage-based pricing grid, mandatory prepayment events and other terms applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are substantially identical to those applicable to the initial $425.0 million term loans incurred under the Term Loan Facility. After giving effect to the Incremental Term Loans, the Credit Facility requires quarterly principal repayments for the Term Loan Facility of approximately $15.4 million for each quarter ending from December 31, 2024 to March 31, 2025 and $20.5 million for each quarter ending from June 30, 2025 to December 31, 2025. The remaining outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility is due on the maturity date of March 17, 2026.

The Company has the ability to increase the amount of the Credit Facility, which may take the form of increases to the Revolving Facility or the Term Loan Facility or the issuance of one or more incremental term loan facilities (collectively, the “Incremental Facilities”), upon obtaining additional commitments from new or existing lenders and the satisfaction of customary conditions precedent for such Incremental Facilities. Such Incremental Facilities may not exceed the sum of (i) the greater of $480.0 million and an amount equal to 100% of the consolidated EBITDA of the Company at the time of determination (the “Incremental Fixed Basket”) and (ii) additional amounts that would not cause the Company’s consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio to exceed 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Incremental Ratio Basket”). The Incremental Term Loans were incurred in reliance on the Incremental Ratio Basket, leaving the full amount of the Incremental Fixed Basket available for any future Incremental Facilities.

Subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of the Company’s existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries are required to guarantee the repayment of the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility. The Company and such guarantor subsidiaries have granted a security interest in substantially all personal property assets as collateral for the obligations under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains customary representations and affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, grant or permit additional liens, make investments and acquisitions, merge or consolidate with others, dispose of assets, pay dividends and distributions, pay junior indebtedness and enter into affiliate transactions, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. In addition, the Credit Facility contains financial covenants requiring the Company on a consolidated basis to maintain, as of the last day of any consecutive four fiscal quarter period, a consolidated total net leverage ratio of not more than 4.5 to 1.0 (which may be increased to 5.0 to 1.0 for a period of up to four consecutive fiscal quarters following the consummation of certain material acquisitions) and an interest coverage ratio of at least 3.0 to 1.0. The Credit Facility also includes events of default customary for facilities of this type and upon the occurrence of such events of default, among other things, all outstanding loans under the Credit Facility may be accelerated, the lenders’ commitments terminated, and/or the lenders may exercise collateral remedies. At September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company borrowed $210.0 million on the Revolving Facility and repaid $15.0 million of the balance outstanding. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company borrowed $40.0 million on the Revolving Facility and repaid $35.0 million of the balance outstanding. The Company had $321.5 million of availability under the Revolving Facility and had standby letters of credit outstanding of $3.5 million related to security for the payment of claims required by its workers’ compensation insurance program at September 30, 2024.

Senior Notes

5.500% Senior Notes due 2028

On June 24, 2020, the Company issued $450.0 million of 5.500% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “5.500% Senior Notes”). The 5.500% Senior Notes mature on July 1, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 5.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, commencing on January 1, 2021.

5.000% Senior Notes due 2029

On October 14, 2020, the Company issued $475.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “5.000% Senior Notes”). The 5.000% Senior Notes mature on April 15, 2029 and bear interest at a rate of 5.000% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing on April 15, 2021.

The indentures governing the 5.500% Senior Notes and the 5.000% Senior Notes (together, the “Senior Notes”) contain covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: (i) pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions or investments; (ii) incur additional debt or issue certain preferred stock; (iii) transfer or sell assets; (iv) engage in certain transactions with affiliates; (v) create restrictions on dividends or other payments by the restricted subsidiaries; (vi) merge, consolidate or sell substantially all of the Company’s assets; and (vii) create liens on assets.

The Senior Notes issued by the Company are guaranteed by each of the Company’s subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility. The guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several.

The Company may redeem the Senior Notes at its option, in whole or part, at the dates and amounts set forth in the indentures.

13.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements represent the portion of equity held by noncontrolling partners in the Company’s non-wholly owned subsidiaries. At September 30, 2024, the Company operated ten facilities through non-wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company owns between approximately 65% and 87% of the equity interests of these entities, and noncontrolling partners own the remaining equity interests. The initial value of the noncontrolling interests is based on the fair value of contributions. The Company consolidates the operations of each facility based on its status as primary beneficiary, as further discussed in Note 14 – Variable Interest Entities. The noncontrolling interests are reflected as redeemable noncontrolling interests on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets based on put rights that could require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interests upon the occurrence of a change in control.

The components of redeemable noncontrolling interests are as follows (in thousands):


Balance at January 1, 2023	$	88,257
Contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		16,530
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		6,006
Distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		(5,107	)
Balance at December 31, 2023		105,686
Contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		3,849
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		7,958
Distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		(2,972	)
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	114,521

14.

Variable Interest Entities

For legal entities where the Company has a financial relationship, the Company evaluates whether it has a variable interest and determines if the entity is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”). If the Company concludes an entity is a VIE and the Company is the primary beneficiary, the entity is consolidated. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and benefits. A reporting entity has a controlling financial interest in a VIE and must consolidate the VIE if it has both power and benefits. It must have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE.

At September 30, 2024, the Company operated ten facilities through non-wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company owns between approximately 65% and 87% of the equity interests of these entities, and noncontrolling partners own the remaining equity interests. The Company manages each of these facilities, is responsible for the day-to-day operations and, therefore, has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. These activities include, but are not limited to, behavioral healthcare services, human resource and employment-related decisions, marketing and finance. The terms of the agreements governing each of the Company’s VIEs prohibit the Company from using the assets of each VIE to satisfy the obligations of other entities. Consolidated assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include total assets of variable interest entities of $816.5 million and $597.8 million, respectively, which cannot be used to settle the obligations of other entities. Consolidated liabilities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include total liabilities of variable interest entities of $33.0 million and $27.0 million, respectively.

The consolidated VIE assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets are shown below (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	82,473	$	55,149
Accounts receivable, net		41,536		34,910
Other current assets		7,545		2,193
Total current assets		131,554		92,252
Property and equipment, net		614,281		438,965
Goodwill		42,384		42,384
Intangible assets, net		18,342		18,295
Operating lease right-of-use assets		9,895		5,948
Total assets	$	816,456	$	597,844

Accounts payable	$	9,700	$	8,235
Accrued salaries and benefits		8,615		9,909
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		593		273
Other accrued liabilities		4,151		2,385
Total current liabilities		23,059		20,802
Operating lease liabilities		9,900		6,160
Total liabilities	$	32,959	$	26,962

15.

Equity-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company issues stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units, to certain officers, employees and non-employee directors under the Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”). At September 30, 2024, a maximum of 12,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized for issuance as stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units or other share-based compensation under the Equity Incentive Plan, of which 2,095,494 were available for future grant. Stock options may be granted for terms of up to ten years. The Company recognizes expense on all share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the entire award. Grants to employees generally vest in annual increments of 25% or 33% each year, commencing one year after the date of grant. The exercise prices of stock options are equal to the most recent closing price of the Company’s common stock on the most recent trading date prior to the date of grant.

The Company recognized $9.5 million and $8.2 million in equity-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $27.0 million and $23.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Stock compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is impacted by forfeiture adjustments and performance stock unit adjustments based on actual performance compared to vesting targets. At September 30, 2024, there was $80.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested options, restricted stock units and performance stock units, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.2 years.

The Company recognized a deferred income tax benefit of $2.6 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $7.3 million and $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to equity-based compensation expense.

Stock Options

Stock option activity during 2023 and 2024 was as follows:


	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Options outstanding at January 1, 2023		979,277		$	46.27
Options granted		296,340			78.94
Options exercised		(198,527	)		41.29
Options cancelled		(140,545	)		55.95
Options outstanding at December 31, 2023		936,545			56.21
Options granted		4,000			75.30
Options exercised		(158,120	)		45.46
Options cancelled		(73,698	)		67.12
Options outstanding at September 30, 2024		708,727		$	57.58		6.61	$	7,848
Options exercisable at September 30, 2024		392,054		$	48.71		5.57	$	6,685

Fair values are estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table summarizes the grant-date fair value of options and the assumptions used to develop the fair value estimates for options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and year ended December 31, 2023:


	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options	$	27.24		$	30.99
Risk-free interest rate		4.4	%		4.2	%
Expected volatility		33	%		37	%
Expected life (in years)		4.8			5.0

The Company’s estimate of expected volatility for stock options is based upon the volatility of its stock price over the expected life of the award. The risk-free interest rate is the approximate yield on U.S. Treasury Strips having a life equal to the expected option life on the date of grant. The expected life is an estimate of the number of years an option will be held before it is exercised.

Other Stock-Based Awards

Restricted stock unit activity during 2023 and 2024 was as follows:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023		1,045,202		$	54.89
Granted		587,239			76.32
Cancelled		(198,740	)		57.21
Vested		(403,223	)		50.48
Unvested at December 31, 2023		1,030,478		$	68.38
Granted		535,697			75.89
Cancelled		(110,380	)		72.23
Vested		(342,259	)		62.76
Unvested at September 30, 2024		1,113,536		$	73.34

Performance stock unit activity during 2023 and 2024 was as follows:


	Number of Units			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023		1,273,800		$	20.69
Granted		177,509			70.98
Performance adjustment		407,825			17.69
Cancelled		(114,908	)		69.07
Vested		(1,408,195	)		10.60
Unvested at December 31, 2023		336,031		$	69.35
Granted		78,955			68.04
Performance adjustment		(9,241	)		72.99
Cancelled		(15,723	)		70.37
Vested		(98,504	)		61.52
Unvested at September 30, 2024		291,518		$	71.47

Restricted stock unit awards are time-based vesting awards that vest over a period of three or four years and are subject to continuing service of the employee or non-employee director over the ratable vesting periods. The fair values of the restricted stock unit awards were determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the grant date.

Performance stock units are granted to employees and are subject to Company performance compared to pre-established targets. In addition to Company performance, these performance-based stock units are subject to the continuing service of the employee during the three-year period covered by the awards. The performance conditions for the performance stock units are based on the Company’s achievement of annually established targets for diluted earnings per share, Adjusted EBITDA and/or revenue. The number of shares issuable at the end of the applicable vesting period of performance stock units ranges from 0% to 200% of the targeted units based on the Company’s actual performance compared to the targets.

The fair values of performance stock units were determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the grant date for units subject to performance conditions.

16.

Transaction, legal and other costs

Transaction, legal and other costs represent costs primarily related to legal, accounting, government investigation, termination, restructuring, management transition, acquisition and other similar costs. Transaction, legal and other costs comprised the following costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024			2023
Legal, accounting and other acquisition-related costs	$	6,041	$	4,196	$	15,365		$	6,761
Management transition costs		1,490		3,615		3,085			14,590
Termination and restructuring costs		718		3,436		(1,263	)		5,441
	$	8,249	$	11,247	$	17,187		$	26,792

17.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 reflects effective tax rates of 27.6% and 25.0%, respectively, and 24.0% and 28.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As the Company continues to monitor the implications of potential tax legislation in each of its jurisdictions, the Company may adjust estimates and record additional amounts for tax assets and liabilities. Any adjustments to the Company’s tax assets and liabilities could materially impact the provision for income taxes and its effective tax rate in the periods in which they are made.

18.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts reported for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The carrying amounts and fair values of the Credit Facility, 5.500% Senior Notes and 5.000% Senior Notes at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):


	Carrying Amount				Fair Value
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Credit Facility	$	959,384	$	455,880	$	959,384	$	455,880
5.500% Senior Notes due 2028	$	446,208	$	445,539	$	435,053	$	436,628
5.000% Senior Notes due 2029	$	470,927	$	470,348	$	448,558	$	451,534

The Credit Facility, 5.500% Senior Notes and 5.000% Senior Notes were categorized as Level 2 in the GAAP fair value hierarchy. Fair values were based on trading activity among the Company’s lenders and the average bid and ask price as determined using published rates.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include any statements that address future results or occurrences. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” or the negative thereof. Generally, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. In particular, statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, which could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to:

•

the impact of competition for staffing, labor shortages and higher turnover rates on our labor costs and profitability;

•

the impact of inflation and interest rate volatility;

•

compliance with laws and government regulations;

•

our indebtedness, our ability to meet our debt obligations and our ability to incur substantially more debt;

•

the impact of payments received from the government and third-party payors on our revenue and results of operations;

•

the impact of volatility in the global capital and credit markets, as well as significant developments in macroeconomic and
political conditions that are out of our control;

•

the impact of general economic and employment conditions, including increased construction and other costs due to inflation, on our business and future results of operations;

•

the impact of internal or governmental investigations, regulatory actions and whistleblower lawsuits;

•

difficulties in successfully integrating the operations of acquired facilities or realizing the potential benefits and synergies of our acquisitions and joint ventures;

•

our ability to recruit and retain quality psychiatrists and other physicians, nurses, counselors and other medical support personnel;

•

the occurrence of patient incidents, which could result in negative media coverage, adversely affect the price of our
securities and result in incremental regulatory burdens and governmental investigations;

•

the impact of claims brought against us or our facilities including claims for damages for personal injuries, medical malpractice, overpayments, breach of contract, securities law violations, tort and employee related claims;

•

the outcome of pending litigation;

•

the impact of carrying a large self-insured retention, the possibilities of being responsible for significant amounts not covered by insurance, premium increases and insurance not being available on acceptable terms because of our claims experience;

•

the impact of healthcare reform in the U.S.;

•

our acquisition, joint venture and wholly-owned de novo strategies, which expose us to a variety of operational and financial risks, as well as legal and regulatory risks;

•

the impact of state efforts to regulate the construction or expansion of healthcare facilities on our ability to operate and expand our operations;

•

our ability to implement our business strategies;

•

the impact of Medicaid eligibility determinations associated with the end of COVID-19 related Medicaid continuing coverage requirements;

•

the impact of disruptions on our inpatient and outpatient volumes caused by pandemics, epidemics or outbreaks of
infectious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;

•

our dependence on key management personnel, key executives and local facility management personnel, and the impact of any disruptions from the recent transition of various executives;

•

our restrictive covenants, which may restrict our business and financing activities;

•

the impact of adverse weather conditions and climate change, including the effects of hurricanes, wildfires and other natural
disasters, and any resulting outmigration;

•

the risk of a cyber-security incident and any resulting adverse impact on our operations or violation of laws and regulations regarding information privacy;

•

the impact on our business if our information systems fail or our databases are destroyed or damaged;

•

our future cash flow and earnings;

•

the impact of our highly competitive industry on patient volumes;

•

our ability to cultivate and maintain relationships with referral sources;

•

the impact of the trend for insurance companies and managed care organizations to enter into sole source contracts on our
ability to obtain patients;

•

the impact of value-based purchasing programs on our revenue;

•

our potential inability to extend leases at expiration;

•

the impact of controls designed to reduce inpatient services on our revenue;

•

the impact of different interpretations of accounting principles on our results of operations or financial condition;

•

the impact of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, especially in locations where we have concentrated operations;

•

the impact of laws and regulations relating to privacy and security of patient health information and standards for electronic transactions;

•

the impact of a change in the mix of our earnings, adverse changes in our effective tax rate and adverse developments in tax laws generally;

•

changes in interpretations, assumptions and expectations regarding recent tax legislation, including provisions of the CARES Act and additional guidance that may be issued by federal and state taxing authorities;

•

failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;

•

the impact of fluctuations in our operating results, quarter to quarter earnings and other factors on the price of our securities; and

•

those risks and uncertainties described from time to time in our filings with the SEC.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties may cause our actual future results to be materially different than those expressed in our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any such statements to reflect future events or developments.

Overview

Our business strategy is to become the indispensable behavioral healthcare provider for the high-acuity and complex needs patient population. We are committed to providing the communities we serve with high-quality, cost-effective behavioral healthcare services, while growing our business, increasing profitability and creating long-term value for our stockholders. This strategy includes five growth pathways: expansions of existing facilities, joint venture partnerships, de novo facilities, acquisitions and expansion across our continuum of care. At September 30, 2024, we operated 260 behavioral healthcare facilities with approximately 11,300 beds in 38 states and Puerto Rico. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we added 275 beds, consisting of 67 beds to existing facilities and 208 beds added through the opening of four wholly-owned facilities.

We are the leading publicly traded pure-play provider of behavioral healthcare services in the U.S. Management believes that we are positioned as a leading platform in a highly fragmented industry under the direction of an experienced management team that has significant industry expertise. Management expects to take advantage of several strategies that are more accessible as a result of our increased size and geographic scale, including continuing a national marketing strategy to attract new patients and referral sources, increasing our volume of out-of-state referrals, providing a broader range of services to new and existing patients and clients and selectively pursuing opportunities to expand our facility and bed count in the U.S. through acquisitions, wholly-owned de novo facilities, joint ventures and bed additions in existing facilities.

Results of Operations

The following table illustrates our consolidated results of operations for the respective periods shown (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024						2023						2024						2023
	Amount			%			Amount			%			Amount			%			Amount			%
Revenue	$	815,634			100.0	%	$	750,334			100.0	%	$	2,379,725			100.0	%	$	2,185,938			100.0	%
Salaries, wages and benefits		428,147			52.5	%		394,150			52.5	%		1,265,427			53.2	%		1,171,960			53.6	%
Professional fees		48,498			5.9	%		45,540			6.1	%		142,236			6.0	%		130,468			6.0	%
Supplies		29,623			3.6	%		27,147			3.6	%		84,153			3.5	%		79,312			3.6	%
Rents and leases		12,389			1.5	%		11,731			1.6	%		36,141			1.5	%		34,880			1.6	%
Other operating expenses		112,137			13.8	%		104,048			13.9	%		322,900			13.6	%		290,798			13.3	%
Income from provider relief fund		—			0.0	%		(4,442	)		-0.6	%		—			0.0	%		(4,442	)		-0.2	%
Depreciation and amortization		37,641			4.6	%		33,388			4.4	%		110,054			4.6	%		96,969			4.4	%
Interest expense		29,924			3.7	%		20,742			2.8	%		86,297			3.6	%		61,651			2.8	%
Legal settlements expense		—			0.0	%		394,181			52.5	%		—			0.0	%		394,181			18.0	%
Loss on impairment		10,459			1.3	%		—			0.0	%		11,459			0.5	%		8,694			0.4	%
Transaction, legal and other costs		8,249			1.0	%		11,247			1.5	%		17,187			0.7	%		26,792			1.2	%
Total expenses		717,067			87.9	%		1,037,732			138.3	%		2,075,854			87.2	%		2,291,263			104.7	%
Income (loss) before income taxes		98,567			12.1	%		(287,398	)		-38.3	%		303,871			12.8	%		(105,325	)		-4.7	%
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		27,199			3.3	%		(71,873	)		-9.6	%		72,916			3.1	%		(29,907	)		-1.3	%
Net income (loss)		71,368			8.8	%		(215,525	)		-28.7	%		230,955			9.7	%		(75,418	)		-3.5	%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(3,236	)		-0.4	%		(2,185	)		-0.3	%		(7,958	)		-0.3	%		(3,978	)		-0.2	%
Net income (loss) attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.	$	68,132			8.4	%	$	(217,710	)		-29.0	%	$	222,997			9.4	%	$	(79,396	)		-3.6	%

We believe that we are well positioned to help meet the growing demand for behavioral healthcare services and recorded revenue growth of 8.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Similar with many other healthcare providers and other industries across the country, we continue to navigate a tight labor market. While we experienced higher wage inflation recently compared to long-term historical averages, we have seen stability in our labor costs and our proactive focus helps us manage through this environment. We remain focused on ensuring that we have the level of staff to meet the demand in our markets across 38 states and Puerto Rico.

The following table sets forth percent changes in same facility operating data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023:


	Three Months Ended	Nine Months Ended
Same Facility Results (a)
Revenue growth	8.6%	8.7%
Patient days growth	4.7%	3.2%
Admissions growth	2.0%	0.3%
Average length of stay change (b)	2.7%	2.8%
Revenue per patient day growth	3.6%	5.3%
Adjusted EBITDA margin change (c)	40 bps	50 bps

(a)

Results for the periods presented include facilities we have operated more than one year and exclude certain closed services.

(b)

Average length of stay is defined as patient days divided by admissions.

(c)

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income before provision for income taxes, equity-based compensation expense, loss on impairment, transaction, legal and other costs, interest expense, legal settlement expense and depreciation and amortization. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as an analytical indicator to measure performance and to develop strategic objectives and operating plans. Adjusted EBITDA is commonly used as an analytical indicator within the health care industry, and also serves as a measure of leverage capacity and debt service ability. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of financial performance under GAAP, and the items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Because Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with GAAP and is thus susceptible to varying calculations, Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue.

Three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023

Revenue. Revenue increased $65.3 million, or 8.7%, to $815.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $750.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Same facility revenue increased $63.2 million, or 8.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, resulting from an increase in same facility revenue per day of 3.6% and same facility growth in patient days of 4.7%. Consistent with same facility revenue growth in 2023, the growth in same facility patient days for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 resulted from the addition of beds to our existing facilities and ongoing demand for our services.

Salaries, wages and benefits. Salaries, wages and benefits (“SWB”) expense was $428.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $394.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $33.9 million. SWB expense included $9.5 million and $8.2 million of equity-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Excluding equity-based compensation expense, SWB expense was $418.6 million, or 51.3% of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $386.0 million, or 51.4% of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Same facility SWB expense was $377.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 47.1% of revenue, compared to $352.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 47.7% of revenue.

Professional fees. Professional fees were $48.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 5.9% of revenue, compared to $45.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 6.1% of revenue. Same facility professional fees were $42.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 5.3% of revenue, compared to $40.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 5.5% of revenue.

Supplies. Supplies expense was $29.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 3.6% of revenue, compared to $27.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 3.6% of revenue. Same facility supplies expense was $28.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 3.6% of revenue, compared to $26.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 3.6% of revenue.

Rents and leases. Rents and leases were $12.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 1.5% of revenue, compared to $11.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 1.6% of revenue. Same facility rents and leases were $10.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 1.4% of revenue, compared to $10.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 1.4% of revenue.

Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses consisted primarily of purchased services, utilities, insurance, travel and repairs and maintenance expenses. Other operating expenses were $112.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 13.8% of revenue, compared to $104.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 13.9% of revenue. Same facility other operating expenses were 103.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 12.9% of revenue, compared to $97.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 13.1% of revenue.

Income from provider relief fund. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded $4.4 million in income from provider relief fund related to ARP funds received in 2022.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense was $37.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or 4.6% of revenue, compared to $33.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 4.4% of revenue.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $29.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $20.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of borrowings under the Credit Facility during 2024.

Legal settlements expense. Legal settlements expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $394.2 million associated with the Desert Hills Litigation.

Loss on impairment. During the third quarter of 2024, we recorded non-cash property impairment charges totaling $10.5 million related to certain closed facilities. The non-cash impairment charges included indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment of $0.3 million, property impairment of $8.8 million and operating lease right-of-use asset impairment of $1.4 million.

Transaction, legal and other costs. Transaction, legal and other costs were $8.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $11.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Transaction, legal and other costs represent legal, accounting, government investigation, termination, restructuring, management transition, acquisition and other similar costs incurred in the respective period, as summarized below (in thousands).


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Legal, accounting and other acquisition-related costs	$	6,041	$	4,196
Management transition costs		1,490		3,615
Termination and restructuring costs		718		3,436
	$	8,249	$	11,247

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the provision for income taxes was $27.2 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 27.6%, compared to a benefit from income taxes of $(71.9) million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 25.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

As we continue to monitor the implications of potential tax legislation in each of our jurisdictions, we may adjust our estimates and record additional amounts for tax assets and liabilities. Any adjustments to our tax assets and liabilities could materially impact our provision for income taxes and our effective tax rate in the periods in which they are made.

Nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023

Revenue. Revenue increased $193.8 million, or 8.9%, to $2,379.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $2,185.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Same facility revenue increased $186.5 million, or 8.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, resulting from an increase in same facility revenue per day of 5.3% and same facility growth in patient days of 3.2%. Consistent with same facility revenue growth in 2023, the growth in same facility patient days for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 resulted from the addition of beds to our existing facilities and ongoing demand for our services.

Salaries, wages and benefits. SWB expense was $1,265.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $1,172.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $93.5 million. SWB expense included $27.0 million and $23.1 million of equity-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Excluding equity-based compensation expense, SWB expense was $1,238.4 million, or 52.0% of revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $1,148.8 million, or 52.6% of revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Same facility SWB expense was $1,113.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 47.7% of revenue, compared to $1,037.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 48.3% of revenue.

Professional fees. Professional fees were $142.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 6.0% of revenue, compared to $130.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 6.0% of revenue. Same facility professional fees were $123.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 5.3% of revenue, compared to $117.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 5.4% of revenue.

Supplies. Supplies expense was $84.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 3.5% of revenue, compared to $79.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 3.6% of revenue. Same facility supplies expense was $82.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 3.5% of revenue, compared to $77.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 3.6% of revenue.

Rents and leases. Rents and leases were $36.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 1.5% of revenue, compared to $34.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 1.6% of revenue. Same facility rents and leases were $32.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 1.4% of revenue, compared to $31.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 1.5% of revenue.

Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses consisted primarily of purchased services, utilities, insurance, travel and repairs and maintenance expenses. Other operating expenses were $322.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 13.6% of revenue, compared to $290.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 13.3% of revenue. Same facility other operating expenses were $298.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 12.8% of revenue, compared to $270.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 12.6% of revenue.

Income from provider relief fund. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded $4.4 million in income from provider relief fund related to ARP funds received in 2022.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense was $110.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or 4.6% of revenue, compared to $97.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 4.4% of revenue.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $86.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $61.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of borrowings under the Credit Facility during 2024.

Legal settlements expense. Legal settlements expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $394.2 million associated with the Desert Hills Litigation.

Loss on impairment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded non-cash property impairment charges totaling $11.5 million related to certain closed facilities. The non-cash impairment charges included indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment of $0.3 million, property impairment of $9.8 million and operating lease right-of-use asset impairment of $1.4 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded non-cash impairment charges totaling $8.7 million related to the closure of certain facilities. The non-cash impairment charges included indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment of $4.7 million, property impairment of $2.0 million and operating lease right-of-use asset impairment of $2.0 million.

Transaction, legal and other costs. Transaction, legal and other costs were $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $26.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Transaction, legal and other costs represent legal, accounting, government investigation, termination, restructuring, management transition, acquisition and other similar costs incurred in the respective period, as summarized below (in thousands).


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Legal, accounting and other acquisition-related costs	$	15,365		$	6,761
Management transition costs		3,085			14,590
Termination and restructuring costs		(1,263	)		5,441
	$	17,187		$	26,792

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the provision for income taxes was $72.9 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 24.0%, compared to a benefit from income taxes of $(29.9) million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 28.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Revenue

Our revenue is primarily derived from services rendered to patients for inpatient psychiatric and substance abuse care, outpatient psychiatric care and adolescent residential treatment. We receive payments from the following sources for services rendered in our facilities: (i) state governments under their respective Medicaid and other programs; (ii) commercial insurers; (iii) the federal government under the Medicare program administered by CMS and other programs; and (iv) individual patients and clients. We determine the transaction price based on established billing rates reduced by contractual adjustments provided to third-party payors, discounts provided to uninsured patients and implicit price concessions. Contractual adjustments and discounts are based on contractual agreements, discount policies and historical experience. Implicit price concessions are based on historical collection experience.

The following table presents revenue by payor type and as a percentage of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024					2023					2024					2023
	Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%
Commercial	$	216,050		26.5	%	$	212,328		28.3	%	$	621,702		26.1	%	$	625,330		28.6	%
Medicare		118,022		14.5	%		117,348		15.6	%		339,117		14.3	%		335,819		15.4	%
Medicaid		454,319		55.7	%		400,483		53.4	%		1,343,081		56.4	%		1,156,766		52.9	%
Self-Pay		14,824		1.8	%		15,524		2.1	%		44,764		1.9	%		52,026		2.4	%
Other		12,419		1.5	%		4,651		0.6	%		31,061		1.3	%		15,997		0.7	%
Revenue	$	815,634		100.0	%	$	750,334		100.0	%	$	2,379,725		100.0	%	$	2,185,938		100.0	%

The following tables present a summary of our aging of accounts receivable at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

September 30, 2024


	Current			30-90			90-150			>150			Total
Commercial		18.2	%		4.2	%		2.4	%		8.6	%		33.4	%
Medicare		9.4	%		1.5	%		0.5	%		1.1	%		12.5	%
Medicaid		35.1	%		4.9	%		2.4	%		4.5	%		46.9	%
Self-Pay		1.3	%		1.8	%		1.5	%		2.6	%		7.2	%
Other		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%
Total		64.0	%		12.4	%		6.8	%		16.8	%		100.0	%

December 31, 2023


	Current			30-90			90-150			>150			Total
Commercial		17.3	%		5.4	%		3.1	%		9.5	%		35.3	%
Medicare		9.3	%		1.4	%		0.5	%		1.1	%		12.3	%
Medicaid		33.4	%		5.4	%		2.5	%		4.7	%		46.0	%
Self-Pay		1.4	%		1.3	%		1.2	%		2.5	%		6.4	%
Other		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%
Total		61.4	%		13.5	%		7.3	%		17.8	%		100.0	%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $13.0 million compared to $346.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Days sales outstanding at September 30, 2024 was 43 days compared to 45 days at December 31, 2023.

Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $533.1 million compared to $287.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily consisted of $486.9 million of cash paid for capital expenditures, $53.6 million of cash paid for acquisitions and $2.9 million of other, offset by $10.2 million of proceeds from sales of property and equipment. Cash paid for capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $486.9 million, consisting of routine or maintenance capital expenditures of $71.3 million and expansion capital expenditures of $415.6 million. We define expansion capital expenditures as those that increase the capacity of our facilities or otherwise enhance revenue. Routine or maintenance capital expenditures, including information technology capital expenditures, were approximately 3% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily consisted of $285.4 million of cash paid for capital expenditures, $1.9 million of

other and $0.3 million of cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, offset by $0.6 million of proceeds from sales of property and equipment. Cash paid for capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $285.4 million, consisting of routine or maintenance capital expenditures of $73.9 million and expansion capital expenditures of $211.5 million.

Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $502.2 million compared to cash used in financing activities of $57.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of borrowings on long-term debt of $350.0 million, borrowings on revolving credit facility of $210.0 million and contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures of $3.5 million, offset by principal payments on long-term debt of $41.0 million, principal payments on revolving credit facility of $15.0 million, distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures of $3.0 million, payment of debt issuance costs of $1.5 million and repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises of $0.8 million. Cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted of repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises of $45.2 million, principal payments on revolving credit facility of $35.0 million, principal payments on long-term debt of $15.9 million and distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures of $3.5 million, offset by borrowings on revolving credit facility of $40.0 million and contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures of $2.5 million.

We had total available cash and cash equivalents of $82.1 million and $100.1 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, of which approximately $5.9 million and $11.3 million, respectively, was held by our foreign subsidiaries. Our strategic plan does not require the repatriation of foreign cash in order to fund our operations in the U.S.

Desert Hills Litigation

As described in more detail in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, on October 30, 2023, we entered into settlement agreements in connection with the Cases. The settlement agreements were approved by the District Court in December 2023 and fully resolve each of the Cases with no admission of liability or wrongdoing by us. On January 19, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreements, we paid an aggregate amount of $400.0 million in exchange for the release and discharge of all claims arising from, relating to, concerning or with respect to all harm, injuries or damages asserted in the Cases or that may be asserted in the future by the plaintiffs in the Cases.

Credit Facility

On March 17, 2021, we entered into the Credit Facility, which provides for a $600.0 million Revolving Facility and a Term Loan Facility in an initial principal amount of $425.0 million, each maturing on March 17, 2026. The Revolving Facility further provides for a $20.0 million subfacility for the issuance of letters of credit.

As a part of the closing of the Credit Facility on March 17, 2021, we (i) refinanced and terminated our prior credit facilities under an amended and restated credit agreement, dated as of December 31, 2012 and (ii) financed the redemption of all of our outstanding 5.625% Senior Notes due 2023.

On March 30, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment, which replaced LIBOR as the reference rate applicable to borrowings under the Credit Facility with Adjusted Term SOFR. After giving effect to the First Amendment, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) Adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.375% to 2.250% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.375% to 1.250%, in each case, depending on our consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, an unused fee that varies according to our consolidated total net leverage ratio ranging from 0.200% to 0.350% is payable quarterly in arrears based on the average daily undrawn portion of the commitments in respect of the Revolving Facility.

The interest rates and the unused line fee on unused commitments related to the Credit Facility are based upon the following pricing tiers:


Pricing Tier	Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio	SOFR Loans			Base Rate Loans			Commitment Fee
1	≥ 4.50:1.0		2.250	%		1.250	%		0.350	%
2	<4.50:1.0 but ≥ 3.75:1.0		2.000	%		1.000	%		0.300	%
3	<3.75:1.0 but ≥ 3.00:1.0		1.750	%		0.750	%		0.250	%
4	<3.00:1.0 but ≥ 2.25:1.0		1.500	%		0.500	%		0.200	%
5	<2.25:1.0		1.375	%		0.375	%		0.200	%

On January 18, 2024, we entered into the Second Amendment, which provides for the incurrence of $350.0 million of Incremental Term Loans. Such Incremental Term Loans are structured as an increase of the Term Loan Facility. The maturity date, the leverage-based pricing grid, mandatory prepayment events and other terms applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are substantially

identical to those applicable to the initial $425.0 million term loans incurred under the Term Loan Facility. After giving effect to the Incremental Term Loans, the Credit Facility requires quarterly principal repayments for the Term Loan Facility of approximately $15.4 million for each quarter ending from December 31, 2024 to March 31, 2025 and $20.5 million for each quarter ending from June 30, 2025 to December 31, 2025. The remaining outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility is due on the maturity date of March 17, 2026.

We have the ability to increase the amount of the Credit Facility, which may take the form of increases to the Revolving Facility or the Term Loan Facility or the issuance of one or more Incremental Facilities, upon obtaining additional commitments from new or existing lenders and the satisfaction of customary conditions precedent for such Incremental Facilities. Such Incremental Facilities may not exceed the sum of (i) the Incremental Fixed Basket and (ii) the Incremental Ratio Basket. The Incremental Term Loans were incurred in reliance on the Incremental Ratio Basket, leaving the full amount of the Incremental Fixed Basket available for any future Incremental Facilities.

Subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of our existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries are required to guarantee the repayment of our obligations under the Credit Facility. We and such guarantor subsidiaries have granted a security interest in substantially all personal property assets as collateral for the obligations under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains customary representations and affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on our ability and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, grant or permit additional liens, make investments and acquisitions, merge or consolidate with others, dispose of assets, pay dividends and distributions, pay junior indebtedness and enter into affiliate transactions, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. In addition, the Credit Facility contains financial covenants requiring us on a consolidated basis to maintain, as of the last day of any consecutive four fiscal quarter period, a consolidated total net leverage ratio of not more than 4.5 to 1.0 (which may be increased to 5.0 to 1.0 for a period of up to four consecutive fiscal quarters following the consummation of certain material acquisitions) and an interest coverage ratio of at least 3.0 to 1.0. The Credit Facility also includes events of default customary for facilities of this type and upon the occurrence of such events of default, among other things, all outstanding loans under the Credit Facility may be accelerated, the lenders’ commitments terminated, and/or the lenders may exercise collateral remedies. At September 30, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial covenants.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we borrowed $210.0 million on the Revolving Facility and repaid $15.0 million of the balance outstanding. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we borrowed $40.0 million on the Revolving Facility and repaid $35.0 million of the balance outstanding. We had $321.5 million of availability under the Revolving Facility and had standby letters of credit outstanding of $3.5 million related to security for the payment of claims required by our workers’ compensation insurance program at September 30, 2024.

Senior Notes

5.500% Senior Notes due 2028

On June 24, 2020, we issued $450.0 million of 5.500% Senior Notes. The 5.500% Senior Notes mature on July 1, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 5.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, commencing on January 1, 2021.

5.000% Senior Notes due 2029

On October 14, 2020, we issued $475.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes. The 5.000% Senior Notes mature on April 15, 2029 and bear interest at a rate of 5.000% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing on April 15, 2021.

The indentures governing the Senior Notes contain covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to: (i) pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions or investments; (ii) incur additional debt or issue certain preferred stock; (iii) transfer or sell assets; (iv) engage in certain transactions with affiliates; (v) create restrictions on dividends or other payments by the restricted subsidiaries; (vi) merge, consolidate or sell substantially all of our assets; and (vii) create liens on assets.

The Senior Notes issued by us are guaranteed by each of our subsidiaries that guaranteed our obligations under the Credit Facility. The guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several.

We may redeem the Senior Notes at our option, in whole or part, at the dates and amounts set forth in the indentures.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

We conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiaries. The Senior Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by all of our subsidiaries that guarantee our obligations under the Credit Facility. The summarized financial information presented below is consistent with our condensed consolidated financial statements, except transactions between combining entities have been eliminated. Financial information for our combined non-guarantor entities has been excluded pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X Rule 13-01. Presented below is condensed financial information for our combined wholly-owned subsidiary guarantors at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Summarized balance sheet information (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Current assets	$	463,883	$	442,813
Property and equipment, net		1,769,863		1,656,941
Goodwill		2,144,452		2,105,563
Total noncurrent assets		4,197,096		4,043,891

Current liabilities		533,514		827,648
Long-term debt		1,804,825		1,342,548
Total noncurrent liabilities		2,035,032		1,503,345
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		—		—
Total equity		2,092,433		2,155,711

Summarized operating results information (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Revenue	$	2,009,568
Income before income taxes		244,772
Net income		214,374
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		214,374

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents a summary of contractual obligations at September 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Payments Due by Period
	Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More Than 5 Years		Total
Long-term debt (a)	$	180,075	$	1,005,285	$	516,063	$	492,813	$	2,194,236
Operating lease liabilities (b)		34,267		48,161		30,653		62,961		176,042
Finance lease liabilities		1,081		2,178		2,178		19,916		25,353
Total obligations and commitments	$	215,423	$	1,055,624	$	548,894	$	575,690	$	2,395,631

(a)

Amounts include required principal and interest payments. The projected interest payments reflect the interest rates in place on our variable-rate debt at September 30, 2024.

(b)

Amounts exclude variable components of lease payments.

Critical Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies at September 30, 2024 from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

Our interest expense is sensitive to changes in market interest rates. Our long-term debt outstanding at September 30, 2024 was composed of $917.1 million of fixed-rate debt and $959.4 million of variable-rate debt with interest based on Adjusted Term SOFR plus an applicable margin. Based on our borrowing level at September 30, 2024, a hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates would decrease our pretax income on an annual basis by approximately $9.6 million.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management conducted an evaluation, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information with respect to this item may be found in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, an investor should carefully consider the factors discussed below and in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are incorporated herein by reference. The risks described herein and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to management or that management currently deems immaterial also may materially, adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

We are and in the future could become the subject of additional governmental investigations, regulatory actions, whistleblower lawsuits and other legal proceedings.

Healthcare companies in the U.S. may be subject to investigations by various governmental agencies. Certain of our individual facilities have received, and from time to time, other facilities may receive, subpoenas, civil investigative demands, audit reports and other inquiries from, and may be subject to investigation by, federal and state agencies. See Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information about pending investigations. These investigations can result in repayment obligations, substantial monetary penalties and fines, the imposition of a corporate integrity agreement, exclusion from participation in governmental health programs, negative publicity and, in certain cases, criminal penalties. Responding to subpoenas, investigations and other lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings, as well as defending ourselves in and resolving such matters, has caused and will continue to cause us to incur significant costs, including legal expense and the diversion of management resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, governmental investigations, regulatory actions and other legal proceedings could result in us becoming the subject of negative publicity or unfavorable media attention, whether warranted or unwarranted, that could have a significant, adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock or adversely impact our reputation.

Further, under the False Claims Act, private parties are permitted to bring qui tam or “whistleblower” lawsuits against companies that submit false claims for payments to, or improperly retain overpayments from, the government. Because qui tam lawsuits are filed under seal, we could be named in one or more such lawsuits of which we are not aware. We may also be subject to substantial reputational harm as a result of the public announcement of any investigation into such claims.

Other than as described in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we cannot predict the ultimate outcomes of the various legal proceedings and regulatory matters to which we are or may be subject from time to time, including those described in the aforementioned sections of this report, or the timing of their resolution or the ultimate losses or impact of developments in those matters, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company withheld shares of Company common stock to satisfy employee minimum statutory tax withholding obligations payable upon the vesting of restricted stock, as follows:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 - July 30		9,930	$	67.85		—		—
August 1 - August 30		1,824		74.87		—		—
September 1 - September 30		3,489		63.28		—		—
Total		15,243

Item 5. Other Information

From time to time, certain of our executive officers and directors may enter into, amend or terminate written trading arrangements pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or officers adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended. (1)

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended. (2)

22		List of Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities and Affiliates Whose Securities Collateralize Securities of the Company. (3)

31.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS**		Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH**		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema with embedded Linkbase Documents.

104		The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

(1)

Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 24, 2024 (File No. 001-35331).

(2)

Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 25, 2017 (File No. 001-35331).

(3)

Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2023 (File No. 001-35331).

* Filed herewith.

** The XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this quarterly report on Form 10-Q shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability of that section and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing or document.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

	By:		/s/Heather Dixon
			Heather Dixon
			Chief Financial Officer

Dated: October 30, 2024

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CEO PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Christopher H. Hunter, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 30, 2024

    /s/ Christopher H. Hunter

   

    Christopher H. Hunter

   

    Chief Executive Officer and Director

   

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CFO PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Heather Dixon, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.;

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 30, 2024

    /s/ Heather Dixon

   

    Heather Dixon

   

    Chief Financial Officer

   

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATIONS OF CEO AND CFO PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Christopher H. Hunter, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and I, Heather Dixon, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify, for the purpose of complying with 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Date: October 30, 2024

    /s/ Christopher H. Hunter

   

    Christopher H. Hunter

   

    Chief Executive Officer and Director

   

    /s/ Heather Dixon

   

    Heather Dixon

   

    Chief Financial Officer

   